居家个性化护理,助脑梗死患者早日康复

脑梗死也叫作缺血性脑卒中,是中老年人群中常见的一种脑血管疾病,死亡率、致残率均较高。脑梗死急性期须治疗1~2周,出院后也须长期服药预防复发,从康复角度来讲,也须进行3~6个月的康复治疗。许多老年患者在治疗的过程中会产生恐惧、焦虑等情绪,对治疗配合度、治疗效果均有着一定的影响。因此,脑梗死护理在治疗过程中起着非常重要的作用,患者需要接受个性化的身心护理来配合治疗。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

RNA相关的低剂量辐射响应标志物

电离辐射会对人体造成损伤,根据受照剂量、时间等因素的不同可诱发多种生物效应。目前对于低剂量辐射产生的健康效应仍有争议,筛选对低剂量敏感的辐射响应生物标志物,对于完善低剂量辐射生物效应机制、拓宽低剂量辐射在临床中的应用均具有重要理论意义。综述探讨各核糖核酸(RNA)在低剂量辐射反应中的变化及其对辐射敏感性的调节作用,同时评估各RNA作为低剂量辐射响应标志物的潜力。     

血清白细胞介素-10水平在急性胰腺炎诊断及治疗中的应用

目的探究血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)水平在急性胰腺炎(AP)诊断及治疗中的应用。方法选取2019年1月至2021年6月黄山市人民医院消化科收治的AP患者101例,分为轻症AP组(45例)、中症AP(33例)及重症AP组(23例),另选取同期健康体检者42例为对照组。比较各组血清IL-10水平及入院后的血清IL-10水平的变化,以ROC曲线分析血清IL-10对急性胰腺炎的诊断价值。结果四组血清IL-10水平比较:对照组<重症AP组<中症AP组<轻症AP组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Person相关性显示,血清IL-10与IL-6、TNF-α、APACHE Ⅱ评分、Ranson评分均呈负相关(r=-0.434、-0.624、-0.462、-0.533,P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,血清IL-10预测轻症AP、中症AP、重症AP的AUC分别为0.766、0.795、0.946。另入院时及治疗3d,轻症AP患者的血清IL-10均显著高于中症及重症AP患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而治疗5 d及7 d,三组患者的血清IL-10比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清IL-10在评估AP早期炎症反应、病情严重程度及治疗等方面均具有一定的价值。     

血清IL-6、IL-17水平对AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌分析

目的分析血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并肺部感染的早期诊断价值及病原菌情况。方法选取2018年12月至2020年12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院呼吸内科收治的203例AECOPD患者作为研究对象,根据患者是否合并肺部感染将121例患者作为感染组,82例患者作为非感染组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-6、IL-17水平,采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评估IL-6、IL-17诊断效能,检测患者痰液病原菌分布情况,分析AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果感染组血清IL-6、IL-17水平高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-6对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.753,IL-17对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断曲线下面积(Area Under Curve,AUC)为0.781,联合诊断对AECOPD合并肺部感染的诊断AUC为0.894(95%CI:0.814～0.997),明显高于单项(P<0.05);AECOPD合并肺部感染患者病原菌中革兰氏阴性菌占63.30%,革兰氏阳性菌占31.19%,真菌占5.51%;年龄≥60岁、住院时间≥14天、机械通气时间≥48 h、血清IL-6≥35.28 ng/L、血清IL-17≥288.17 ng/L均是AECOPD合并肺部感染的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论血清IL-6、IL-17是AECOPD合并肺部感染的早期诊断指标及危险因素,AECOPD合并肺部感染病原菌主要为革兰氏阴性菌株。     

“三明治”式唇病变切除成形术治疗动静脉畸形巨唇症疗效分析

总结"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术治疗动静脉畸形巨唇症的临床经验, 观察其临床疗效和并发症。回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年10月在临沂市肿瘤医院接受手术治疗的27例动静脉畸形巨唇症患者的临床资料, 其中男14例, 女13例;中位年龄4.5岁(2～57岁);上唇18例, 下唇9例。所有患者在手术前均接受过(外院或本院)5～10次的介入栓塞硬化治疗, 巨唇外形改善均不明显, 3例病变进展增大。本组病例均采用"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术治疗。共行"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术28例次(1例2次手术)。27例次患者一期切口愈合, 1例部分黏膜坏死, 后经换药后愈合。有2例分别于术后半年内局部复发。随访1～3年, 远期疗效评价Ⅲ级(好)24例, Ⅱ级(中)3例, Ⅰ级(差)0例。"三明治"式唇病变切除成形术切口隐蔽, 立体式切除病变彻底, 能最大限度保留三维结构, 术后外形和功能良好, 远期疗效好, 建议临床推广该手术方式。     

超声评分法联合增强型血流显示技术在凶险型前置胎盘合并胎盘植入中的应用价值分析

目的 探究超声评分法联合增强型血流显示技术在凶险型前置胎盘(PPP)合并胎盘植入中的应用价值。方法 选取疑似PPP合并胎盘植入患者80例，所有患者均给予超声评分法及增强型血流显示技术诊断，探讨两种诊断方法联合诊断效果。结果 80例疑似PPP合并胎盘植入患者中57例为植入型PPP,23例为非植入型，三种不同诊断方式中，联合诊断准确度、灵敏度、特异度均显著高于增强型血流显示技术、超声评分法(P<0.05)。结论 超声评分法联合增强型血流显示技术联合诊断可有效诊断出PPP合并胎盘植入，帮助临床医生选择合适的治疗方案，保障母婴生命安全。